The Stern Review

Paper commissioned by the government of the United Kingdom on the effects on the global economy of climate change in the next 50 years. It was coordinated by World Bank economist, Sir Nicholas Stern, and published on October 30, 2006. One of the main conclusions of the report is that the spending to stabilize the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere would be equivalent to 1% of the world’s GDP by 2050.

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Entry into force

Intergovernmental agreements, including protocols and amendments, are not legally valid until ratified by a certain number of countries. For the UNFCCC creation, it took 50 countries; as for ratifying the Kyoto Protocol, at least 55 countries were required...

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

Established by Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol, evolved from a Brazilian proposal, and stipulated throughout the COP 3 negotiations, the clean development mechanism (CDM) is the only of the three mechanisms introduced by the Protocol that include developing...

Agroforestry systems

Forms of land-use and land-management, in which trees or shrubs are used together with crop and/or animals in the same area, simultaneously or in a sequence of time. They must include at least one tree or shrub forest species, which can be combined with one or more...