Governance

Within the working context of the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), governance can be defined as the exercise of economic, political, and administrative authority to manage a country or region at all levels to ensure the effectiveness of processes and institutions, by means of which, citizens articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, fulfill their obligations, and measure their differences (Bandeira, 1999).

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Ratification

Ratification

After signing an international treaty, such as the Climate Change Convention or the Kyoto Protocol, a country has to ratify the commitment, often with the approval of its parliament or other legislature. The ratification instrument must be deposited with the UN...

SIPAM

SIPAM

Protection System of the Amazon (Sistema de Proteção da Amazônia, SIPAM. Former Sistema de Vigilância da Amazônia – Sivan, Amazon Surveillance System). It is an Amazon surveillance system of the federal government.

Empty forest

Empty forest

A portion of the forest where, although still possible to observe the green of the forest, the presence of animals – especially pollinators – is already rare or null, compromising the region's environmental services and the long-term survival of the forest. The...